Science is predictive
Science following its modern acceptance, which effectively excludes any notion of dogma, is based on the reproducibility of its assertions. Everyone has been able during their studies to carry out experiments in physics or chemistry to observe facts, draw rules in conclusion and apply them in a predictive way to future facts not yet realized.
In chemistry, the Ph test is the application of colored reagents that determine in advance whether a solution is acidic or basic.
In physics, by dropping masses on an inclined plane, it is quite possible to predict the acceleration and the position over time by applying the theorems of kinetic energy resulting from experience, the same for the ballistic calculations used for the rockets.
In medicine, the subject becomes a little more complicated given the greater number of parameters which vary from one individual to another, and the statistical tool will help to analyze the reproducibility of phenomena. Double-blind studies versus placebo are able to measure the effectiveness of a treatment and all the success of anti-cancer drugs or the treatment of AIDS is based on this approach. This also demonstrates the total lack of scientific basis for homeopathy, which effectiveness has never been proven.
The only difference between a doctor and a charlatan is precisely this ability to produce and reproduce results, a healer would be entirely justified in claiming medical capacity as soon as he produced a statistical study proving his capacity. Universities have also tried to do so, but this has always backfired on the so-called carriers of supernatural gifts.
History studies the past.
History compiles past facts. An analysis makes it possible to identify the various events, the actors, the situations, the mass movements and the logic to determine the sequences having led to a new situation. As CV Wegdwood summed it up very well, history is written backwards and the historian already knows the end, unlike the actors in history who are unaware of it when they act.
This is the main difference with the news, which reports current events without being able to determine the outcome with any certainty, just because of the lack of exhaustiveness of the information available. Then, and this is where history demonstrates that it is not a science, past and present situations that are similar in appearance are characterized more by differences. As a corollary of this discrepancy, the historian then has no rule that has demonstrated its relevance to be reapplied in a systematic way to predict the sequence of events. This emptyness will only produce conjectures.
The future is necessarily political
This space open to the future is therefore the domain of politics which can propose solutions, and which is the object of intense activity on the part of actors who have little connection with the study of story.
A historian cannot get involved by virtue of his knowledge in political life or any current event because no more than any other observer can he master all the different elements as he could do for a historical study, which would also require a duration of study incompatible with the immediacy of the news, and finally because there are no pre-established patterns defining historical sequence of events and no more scientific proof of any reproducibility.
The
future therefore remains the fact of individuals, the opinion they
have, and the means of imposing it, whether by membership or by force.